经典
(PS: 这里是一些我的网上摘录笔记, 自认为比较靠谱的.)
from Zhihu.com
Conscientiousness (尽责) (五大性格特质之一)
在遇到问题和障碍时,低C和高C他们行为表现的不同,以及他们背后的含义:
低C的人在遇到问题和障碍时,由于缺乏恒心、责任心、耐心、自律和认真的态度,容易放弃,其缺乏谨慎的特点也使他们容易遇到问题。如果说低C的人心态上有什么特点,那就是怕麻烦,不想努力,不能坚持很久,不喜欢制定计划也往往难以执行计划。注意,低C并不代表不聪明、反智、保守,我这个朋友还是挺聪明的(去了美国某顶尖名校),而且遇到新奇事物愿意尝试,遇到有意思的观点也会很“恍然大悟”,但是做很多事都缺乏深度,考试题往往错的都是细节和要求思考深度的题。
而高C的人则相反,由于事前思考一般比较周密,遇到问题后有所准备,即使没有准备也具有较高的恒心、耐心,对团队和事业有责任感,自律且认真地完成任务,所以不容易放弃。至于百折不挠、越挫越勇,更是高C中的战斗C。可以说,高C的人,重细节,重过程,往往目标明确,持之以恒,遇到困难往往看成是考验,甚至是对自己能力的证明,相信努力带来提高。另外,高C们注重条理、规则和对规则的严谨执行,也不一定保守,但对行之有效、合情合理的规则基本都是严格遵守,不喜欢打破这种规则。高C遇到新事物往往比低C们更容易考虑到风险。(你可以看出,C其实分两部分,一部分是对完成目标的遵循,一部分是对秩序和条理的遵循,百折不挠的话,更偏向于“完成”那一部分)
C里包含的小条目:
成就:高成就的人更有志向,工作更努力,更自信(越挫越勇相关项)
条理:高条理的人更喜欢组织任务和活动,并保持环境卫生,个人物品整齐整洁。
自控:高自控的人更谨慎和稳健,能抑制自己的欲望,面对诱惑比较坚挺,更有耐心。
责任:高责任的人更可信、可依靠,一诺千金
守序:高守序的人更尊重规则、习俗、常规,也更能对期望做出反应,他们不是刺儿头。
德行:高德行的人更诚实、更尊重道德观念,自己也比较有道德。
Big Five personality traits (五大性格特质),又称大五性格模型或五因素模型(The Five Factor Model,简称FFM),是现代心理学研究发现的最高级组织层次的五个人格特质。这五大人格特质可以说包含或者说构成了现今发现的大多数人格特质。
Openness to experience 经验开放性 – (inventive/curious vs. consistent/cautious). Appreciation for art, emotion, adventure, unusual ideas, curiosity, and variety of experience. Openness reflects the degree of intellectual curiosity, creativity and a preference for novelty and variety. It is also described as the extent to which a person is imaginative or independent, and depicts a personal preference for a variety of activities over a strict routine. Some disagreement remains about how to interpret the openness factor, which is sometimes called “intellect” rather than openness to experience.
Conscientiousness 尽责性 – (efficient/organized vs. easy-going/careless). A tendency to show self-discipline, act dutifully, and aim for achievement; planned rather than spontaneous behavior; organized, and dependable.
Extraversion 外向性 – (outgoing/energetic vs. solitary/reserved). Energy, positive emotions, surgency, assertiveness, sociability and the tendency to seek stimulation in the company of others, and talkativeness.q
Agreeableness 亲和性 – (friendly/compassionate vs. cold/unkind). A tendency to be compassionate and cooperative rather than suspicious and antagonistic towards others. It is also a measure of ones’ trusting and helpful nature, and whether a person is generally well tempered or not.
Neuroticism 情绪不稳定性 – (sensitive/nervous vs. secure/confident). The tendency to experience unpleasant emotions easily, such as anger, anxiety, depression, or vulnerability. Neuroticism also refers to the degree of emotional stability and impulse control, and is sometimes referred by its low pole – “emotional stability”.
好长……